The DiRetina has several inventive and innovative features that make it stand out from traditional fundus imagings. These features include: 

• AI-Powered Analysis: DiRetina uses AI-powered analysis to screen for diabetic retinopathy (DR). The AI algorithms uses the Hybrid CNN-DELM method (CDELM) which are specifically designed to detect signs of these conditions in the captured images, which enhances accuracy and early detection. 

• Cost-Effective: It is a cost-effective solution for DR, as it utilizes a smartphone camera and specialized attachment, eliminating the need for expensive ophthalmic equipment. 

• Accessibility: DiRetina is accessible to healthcare providers in remote and low-resource settings, as it can be used with any smartphone, making it a valuable tool for screening in areas where access to specialized eye care may be limited. 

• Convenience: It is a convenient screening tool, as it can be easily carried and used in any setting, making it ideal for use in community health programs, clinics, and primary care settings. 

• Real-Time Results: It provides instant results to healthcare providers, allowing for prompt diagnosis and treatment recommendations, which is crucial for managing DR. 

• Educational tool: It can also be used as an educational tool for medical students and healthcare professionals. Its design allows them to visualize the retina and learn about the signs and symptoms of DR. 

• Community outreach: It can be used for community outreach programs to improve access to eye care services. Its portability and affordability make it easy to take to remote or underserved areas, where traditional fundus imagings may not be available. 

• Product Customization: The customizable aspect of this technology allows it to be adapted to the specific needs and preferences of different healthcare providers and patient populations. This ensures that the technology is accessible and effective for all users, regardless of their individual circumstances. In the future, DiRetina would also be used to detect other eye diseases such as Myopia (nearsightedness). 

• Patient information web-based dashboard: To further enhance its functionality, DiRetina can be integrated with a patient information web-based dashboard. This dashboard can be used to store and analyze patient data, track the progression of retinopathy, and monitor the effectiveness of treatment. 

• Patient education: It can be used to educate patients about the importance of regular eye exams and the risks of DR. By showing patients images of their own retina, the device can help to raise awareness and encourage patients to take a more active role in their own eye health. 

• Sustainability and SDGs: DiRetina could contribute to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by improving access to healthcare for underserved communities. By using DiRetina as an automated screening tool, healthcare providers could identify and manage diabetic retinopathy early, which could prevent blindness and improve quality of life. (SDG03, SDG10, SDG11) Overall, the DiRetina is an innovative and sustainable tool that has the potential to improve eye care services and promote better health outcomes while reducing its environmental impact.