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PLECO QUEST: Biomonitoring of Pterygoplichthys pardalis

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Description

Invasive fish species have become the main reason for the loss of biodiversity in aquatic habitats and have numerous effects on native fish and aquatic systems not only in Malaysia but globally. Not only have effects ecologically, the presence of invasive species can have various effects on human health both direct and indirectly. Pterygoplichthys pardalis is one of the most threatening invasive species which has been deliberately introduced into the ecosystem. Conventional sampling methods require a long-term survey and labor intensive. Hence, the development of PLECO QUEST as a biomonitoring kit for this species through environmental DNA (eDNA) will aid in monitoring the system of this species. This innovation offers a rapid solution. What is needed is just water samples from the environment. Once the water is filtered, e DNA will be extracted from the water sample. By using our eDNA assay, the presence of this species can be detected within only two hours. The key benefit of our innovation is the rapid response time. Researchers and even volunteers can now assist in the quick detection and monitoring of Pterygoplichthys pardalis. PLECO QUEST was tested in real-world setting and yielded positive results.PLECO QUEST emphasizes the possibility of being a novel species-specific assay for Pterygoplichthys pardalis. This provides a tool for rapid observation and quantitative monitoring of invasive species. It's rapid and reliable. The information gathered will facilitate in protecting and conserving our environment, thus providing a healthier food web to the ecosystem.

Highlights

Invasion of aquatic systems by exotic fishes, widely recognized as the consequence of human-mediated environmental intervention, has become a prominent threat to biodiversity in recent years. One of the commonly known invasive fish species in Malaysia is the Amazon sailfin catfish, Pterygoplichthys pardalis. This species is a very popular aquarium fish commonly used to control algae in tanks and are sold throughout the world. It has been brought in through the ornamental fish industry from Amazon River/South America, introduced deliberately to our river, and caused profound alteration in the ecosystem and communities to which they have been. The introduction of the Amazon sailfin catfishes into the natural drainage of Southeast Asia in 1980-1990, has led to their noticeable naturalization. The occurrence has spread particularly to Malaysia, Philipines, Singapore, and Taiwan. In several research papers, two species of Pterygoplichthys were reported found in Malaysia. The populations of P. pardalis were found in Langat river, Selangor , Perak river, Perak , Muar river, Negeri Sembilan and Gombak river, Selangor. Reported as a hardy species, they are easily adapted to our local environment and able to tolerate a wide range of habitat conditions thus making it a successful invader in our local aquatic ecosystem. Often found in a contaminated environment, this species can carry and transmit diseases to native fish populations. Although the direct transmission of fish diseases to humans is relatively rare, there have been instances where parasites or pathogens from invasive species have infected people who handle or consume them. These diseases can range from skin infections to gastrointestinal illnesses. The presence of P. pardalis in our river ecosystem is also quite alarming. The use of eDNA methods for aquatic species has three major merits; (1) reduced cost and working time for sampling, (2) reduced disturbance impacts on habitats, and (3) reduced safety risk for investigators during field surveys. The development of PLECO QUEST as a biomonitoring kit will aid in monitoring the system of this species. Using PLECO QUEST, only requires collecting water and sediment samples directly from the selected aquatic ecosystem which contains eDNA of P. pardalis. Both conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) will be used to determine the presence and density of P. pardalis without damaging the ecosystem, with fast and reliable results. This biomonitoring kit provides a more rapid, cost-effective, and potentially more sensitive screening and monitoring tool to identify areas where invasive fish species are present, which can then be prioritized for intensive trapping surveys by local authorities. The development of PLECO QUEST is a promising tool to aid to local government authorities in the upkeep of the tropical water system in Malaysia as well as to become a successful method in eradicating this passive aquatic monster from our local waterways, thus providing a healthier food web to the ecosystem.

Contact Person/Inventor

Name Email Contact Phone
Associate Prof Dr. Siti Hasmah Mohtar hasmah@unisel.edu.my 0133957392

Award

Award Title Award Achievement Award Year Received
Biological Sciences MTE 2023 2023

Video

Additional Document

Attachment Size
Pleco UniSel 2.pdf (83.8 KB) 83.8 KB

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