An edible bird nest (EBN) is a general type of bird nest made by edible-nest swiftlets. The main element of EBN is saliva, which is released by the sublingual glands of the swiftlets. The two main species of swiftlets known to produce valuable EBN are Aerodramus fuciphagus (white nests) and Aerodramus maximus (black nests) (Kang et al., 1991; Nasir et al., 2021). EBN has become one of Malaysia's most important commodities, with most of it exported, particularly to China, due to its alleged health benefits (Noor et al., 2018). Besides China, Hong Kong and Singapore are among countries that import EBN from Malaysia. In addition, Malaysia is the world's third largest exporter after Indonesia and Thailand, accounting for roughly 20 % of the total market for EBN production (Nasir et al., 2021; Noor et al., 2018). Food is any nourishing substance that is eaten, drunk, or otherwise ingested into the body to sustain life, provide energy, and promote growth (Shibamoto et al., 2008). Besides, "functional food" is whole, fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that provide health benefits in addition to essential nutrients (e.g., vitamins and minerals) when consumed at effective levels as part of a varied diet regularly (Hasler, 2002). According to a previous study, there are numerous potential natural resources with functional properties that have yet to be discovered, to produce high-quality functional foods (Shibamoto et al., 2008). EBN is one of the promising sources of high-quality functional foods. EBN is marketed as a healthy food supplement that can be consumed as a soup, drink, or instant powder. It is believed that eating EBN soup can improve human health by boosting the immune system, respiratory function, and skin complexion (Gan & Hui, 2016; Jamalluddin et al., 2019). Prior to that, pregnant women from wealthy Chinese families frequently consumed EBN soup to improve the skin complexion of their newborns (Zukefli et al., 2017). Furthermore, consuming EBN strengthen human bones and act as an anti-influenza virus and hemagglutination-inhibitor (Lee et al., 2021). EBN extract also has been added to cosmetic products to rejuvenate new skin cells. The products were advertised as having an anti-ageing effect by maintaining a youthful and radiant complexion (Daud et al., 2021). Hence, the demand for EBN has risen over the last few decades. Many studies on EBN have been conducted in Malaysia for their biological activities such as antioxidant (Gan et al., 2020; Ghassem et al., 2017; Karamać et al., 2014; Zulkifli et al., 2019), antiinflammatory effect (Chua et al., 2021; Nur 'Aliah et al., 2016), and chondroprotective agent (Haghani et al., 2017; Seow et al., 2016; Tukiran et al., 2016). Despite of rich in antioxidants, EBN is also rich in protein and carbohydrates. EBN produced in Southeast Asia regions usually will have protein content in the range of 59.8% to 66.9%, while 25.6% to 31.4% the range of carbohydrate content (Darvishmotevalli et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2020; Ling et al., 2020).